In 2018, the sky was falling. New technologies let more people than ever before make it look or sound like something had happened when it never had. We applied to the New Zealand Law Foundation to investigate these technologies. What could they do? How good were they? What harms might they cause? We assessed the New Zealand legal system to consider whether we were ready.

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We concluded by urging caution against regulating for deepfakes due to risks to freedom of expression. We found a range of legal mechanisms that could be used to remedy harms, but recommended that the law on non-consensual intimate visual recordings be clarified.